Diana
Goddess of the Hunt, Moon, Wilderness & Childbirth
Diana is the Roman goddess of the hunt, moon, wild animals, and wilderness. As virgin goddess of the moon, she represents female independence, wild nature, and the mystery of the hunt. Diana also protects women and children, particularly during childbirth (Diana Lucina aspect). Her sacred grove at Aricia near Rome was one of the most important cult sites in Italy.
Attributes & Domains
Domains: Hunt, moon, wilderness, virginity, childbirth, animals, archery
Symbols: Bow and arrows, crescent moon, hunting dogs, deer
Sacred Animals: Deer (especially does), hounds, bear
Sacred Plants: Cypress, willow, oak
Worship & Sacred Sites
Sanctuary of Diana Nemorensis (Aricia)
The sacred grove at Lake Nemi near Rome was Diana's most important shrine. Here the Rex Nemorensis ("King of the Wood") served as her priest, but could only become priest by killing his predecessor in ritual combat—reflecting the savage, wild nature of Diana's domain. The site attracted pilgrims from throughout Italy seeking Diana's protection.
Festivals
- Nemoralia (August 13-15): Festival at Lake Nemi honoring Diana with torchlight processions around the lake. Women sought Diana's blessing for childbirth and protection.
- Diana's Day (August 13): Temple anniversary on Aventine Hill. Slaves given a day of rest, as Diana protected the oppressed and marginalized.
Diana as Triple Goddess
Diana manifested in three forms corresponding to moon phases and realms:
- Diana (Earth/Hunt): Virgin huntress roaming forests, protector of wild things
- Luna (Heaven/Moon): Moon goddess illuminating the night
- Hecate (Underworld): Dark moon goddess, witch-queen of crossroads
Cross-Cultural Parallels
Compare moon and hunt goddesses across world traditions.