Neptune
God of the Sea, Freshwater, Horses & Earthquakes
Neptune is the Roman god of all waters—seas, oceans, rivers, and springs. Brother of Jupiter and Pluto, he received dominion over the seas in the division of the cosmos after defeating Saturn. Neptune wields the trident, controlling waves, storms, and earthquakes. He is also patron of horses and horsemanship, reflecting his role in early Italic water and fertility cults.
Attributes & Domains
Domains: Sea, oceans, freshwater, horses, earthquakes, seafaring
Symbols: Trident, dolphin, horse, ship
Sacred Animals: Horse, dolphin, bull
Worship & Festivals
Neptunalia (July 23)
Summer festival celebrating Neptune during the driest, hottest time of year. Romans built temporary shelters of branches (umbrae) and held water games. Prayers for adequate freshwater and protection from drought. The festival emphasized Neptune's control over vital freshwater sources rather than the distant sea.
Neptune & Horses
Neptune's association with horses reflects ancient Italic worship of water spirits and fertility deities. As Neptunus Equester, he presided over horse racing and was invoked at the Circus Maximus. The connection likely stems from:
Cross-Cultural Parallels
Compare sea and water deities across world traditions.