🐉 Mušḫuššu

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📚 Primary Sources: Mušḫuššu

Enuma Elish:Tablet I:Lines 133-138
"Mother Hubur, who fashions all things, added countless invincible weapons, gave birth to monster serpents, sharp of tooth, with merciless fangs. She filled their bodies with venom instead of blood, clothed ferocious dragons with terrifying halos, made them bear mantles of radiance, made them godlike."
Source: Enuma Elish, Tablet I (c. 1200 BCE) - Creation of chaos monsters
Enuma Elish:Tablet I:Lines 141-145
"'Whoever looks upon them shall collapse from weakness! If they launch an attack, they will not turn back their breast!' She deployed serpents, dragons, and hairy hero-men, lion monsters, lion men, scorpion men, mighty storm demons, fish men, bull men, bearing merciless weapons, fearless in battle."
Source: Enuma Elish, Tablet I (c. 1200 BCE) - Description of Tiamat's army
Marduk Hymn:K.3437:Lines 15-20
"He who rides upon the mušḫuššu-dragon, whose weapon is the deluge-storm, the great lord Marduk... He who by his spell bound the mušḫuššu of heaven and earth."
Source: Hymn to Marduk (c. 900 BCE), British Museum Tablet K.3437
Book of Daniel:Chapter 14:Lines 23-27
"Now there was a great dragon which the Babylonians worshipped. And the king said to Daniel, 'You cannot deny that this is a living god; so worship him.' Daniel said, 'I will worship the Lord my God, for he is the living God. But if you, O king, will give me permission, I will slay the dragon without sword or club.' The king said, 'I give you permission.' Then Daniel took pitch, fat, and hair, and boiled them together and made cakes, which he fed to the dragon. The dragon ate them, and burst open. And Daniel said, 'See what you have been worshipping!'"
Source: Book of Daniel, Chapter 14 (Bel and the Dragon) (c. 165 BCE)
Nebuchadnezzar II Inscription:Column II:Lines 10-15
"I caused to be made with shining lapis lazuli, door leaves of cedar wood overlaid with copper, thresholds and door sockets of bronze I set in its gates. Silver, gold, precious stones, everything that is costly and glorious I gathered together and deposited therein. With fierce mušḫuššu-dragons and raging uraei-serpents I adorned it magnificently."
Source: Nebuchadnezzar II Building Inscription (c. 580 BCE)